By Abbey White, Staff Writer, SatNews
Dispatch from SmallSat Symposium. Coverage and analysis from across the conference, tracking the forces shaping the next phase of the SmallSat market.
MOUNTAIN VIEW. For decades, the geostationary arc located 35,786 kilometers above the equator served as the undisputed domain of massive, billion-dollar platforms designed to generate revenue for twenty years. That economic certainty officially evaporated, however, during the SmallSat Symposium session titled The Future of GEO Satellites. (GEO = Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit)
Taking the stage, Dr. Bryan Benedict, Senior Director of Innovation at SES Space & Defense, dismantled rather than defended the legacy model. He described the merger between satellite giants SES and Intelsat that created a fleet of over 100 operational spacecraft not as a strategic power play but as a tactic necessary for survival.
Benedict spoke bluntly about the regulatory shifts enabling this consolidation. While antitrust laws would have blocked such a merger a decade ago, regulators changed their stance due to a single existential threat: the commoditization of bandwidth by Low Earth Orbit (LEO) constellations like Starlink: “Our competition is not other GEO operators; it’s proliferated LEO.”
This admission marks a sharp turning point for the industry. The massive battlestar satellites (6,000-kilogram behemoths designed to amortize capital costs over two decades) have become financial liabilities. Rapidly falling bandwidth prices have shattered the spreadsheet logic that underpinned the modern telecommunications industry.
“Likely, the majority of those satellites will not be replaced,” Benedict told the hushed room, “because the business case for them just no longer closes,”.
The Collapse of the 15-Year ROI
The mood in Mountain View reflects a state of forced adaptation. While the halls bustle with startups pitching agility, a reality check came down from the top of the food chain. The mathematics of geostationary orbit are fundamentally broken. Operators can neither predict demand fifteen years out, nor justify locking hundreds of millions of dollars into static hardware.
Benedict detailed the collapse of the return on investment. Under the heritage model, a satellite paid for itself in five to seven years, generating pure profit for the subsequent decade. That window has slammed shut.
“Now you might get your money back at the end of 15 years, and that’s the life of the satellite,” Benedict explained. “So that business case, when you take into account the risk involved, just does not work.”
Financial toxicity has subsequently emptied manufacturing pipelines. Industry veterans accustomed to busy clean rooms now see a significant slowdown. “We’ve been to the spacecraft high bays and they are packed full of commercial GEOs being built?” Benedict asked, then answered, “No, you’re completely wrong. The high bays are not packed with GEOs anymore.”
The MicroGEO Pivot and the Reliability Trap
The MicroGEO revolution now fills the vacuum left by legacy giants. This new class of sub-1,000-kilogram satellites promises to lower the barrier to entry for GEO and enable rapid technology refreshes, mirroring what CubeSats achieved for LEO.
The concept prioritizes fleet redundancy over internal redundancy. Rather than relying on a single exquisite asset with triple-redundant systems, operators launch swarms of cheaper, single-string satellites. If one fails, the network survives.
“You have not internal redundancy but fleet redundancy,” Benedict said.
This shift responds to a practical necessity, not a theoretical exercise. The U.S. Department of Defense has pivoted to a proliferated warfighting architecture, injecting billions into the sector through the $151 billion SHIELD contract vehicle. The Pentagon, viewing large satellites as fat targets, now demands distributed resilience.
However, the transition is fraught with peril. The MicroGEO sector is currently reeling from high-profile failures, including, earlier this year, the loss of Astranis’s UtilitySat, which was stranded in a useless transfer orbit following a propulsion failure. Reliability remains the unspoken ghost in the machine. Benedict, a chemical engineer by training, hinted at the supply chain fragility accompanying this shift.
“Things that we used to call COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf), they’re not on the shelf anymore because they were being built for GEO spacecraft,” Benedict noted.
The LEO Threat Was Underestimated
Perhaps the session’s most sobering moment was Benedict’s recollection of the industry’s hubris regarding Starlink and other mega-constellations. Legacy operators spent years convincing themselves that LEO was a niche product that would not cannibalize their core business.
“We were assured by the proliferated LEO companies, ‘This is not a threat for you guys. This is an entirely new business. You guys don’t have to worry,'” Benedict recounted. “Yeah, right.”
That complacency cost the sector dearly. Old Space operators are now scrambling to integrate multi-orbit capabilities, linking GEO, MEO, and LEO into a single network. The user, particularly the military warfighter, has stopped caring about orbital mechanics.
“The warfighter just wants to know they can get connected and they don’t care how—they just want to be connected,” Benedict said.
A Fractured Horizon
The conclusion from here is clear: the geostationary belt is not being abandoned, but gentrified. High-rent, monolithic tenants are moving out, replaced by a higher density of smaller, more agile structures. This is no longer a real estate game of location, location, location. It is a technology race defined by refresh cycles and integration.
Dr. Benedict’s address served as a grim obituary for the status quo. While the Golden Dome of missile defense may provide a lifeline for small satellite manufacturers, the days of easy money for the commercial sector are gone. The high bays are empty, the order books are thin, and the only thing proliferating is risk.
As Benedict stated regarding the sector’s future, “It sounds like the word of God coming from up above.” The commandment is simple: Evolve or de-orbit.