The U.S. Space Force (USSF) has confirmed the deployment of a dedicated military satellite communications architecture, designated “MILNET,” in partnership with SpaceX. The constellation will consist of approximately 480 satellites designed to provide high-bandwidth, resilient communications for global military operations.
While funded by the Space Force to meet specific Department of Defense (DoD) connectivity requirements, the program’s acquisition is being administered through the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO). This arrangement allows the Space Force to leverage the existing Starshield contract framework—originally established in 2021 and expanded in 2024—to rapidly procure compliant satellite buses and launch services without initiating a new, multi-year solicitation process.
Integration with Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture
MILNET is designed to operate as a high-capacity “backbone” layer alongside the Proliferated Warfighter Space Architecture (PWSA) currently being built by the Space Development Agency (SDA).
While the SDA’s Transport Layer focuses on low-latency tactical data inputs (such as Link 16), MILNET provides the heavy-lift data transport required to move massive intelligence and sensor files across theaters. This hybrid approach allows the USSF to utilize SpaceX’s volume production to achieve orbital density, complementing the SDA’s multi-vendor tactical mesh.
Technical Specifications and Security
The MILNET satellites will operate in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) and utilize Optical Inter-Satellite Links (OISL)—standardized laser communications terminals—to form a mesh network that reduces reliance on ground stations. Key technical parameters include:
- Satellite Count: ~480 units.
- Orbit: Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
- Encryption: National Security Agency (NSA) High Assurance Internet Protocol Encryptor (HAIPE) compliance for classified data transport.
- Infrastructure: Interoperable with both Starshield and SDA-compliant ground terminals.
SpaceX has begun production of these units, which adapt the Starshield bus to host specific USSF communications payloads while retaining the hardening requirements mandated by the NRO’s baseline standards.
Strategic Implications
In a statement regarding the program’s objective, military officials emphasized the need for “resilient, distributed communications that can withstand electronic warfare and kinetic threats.” The deployment underscores the DoD’s strategy of “Buy vs. Build,” utilizing commercial-derivative architectures to accelerate the fielding of resilient orbital capabilities.
Timeline to Operational Status
The USSF expects the first batch of dedicated MILNET satellites to begin deployment in mid-2026. Initial operating capability is projected for late 2027, concurrent with ongoing validation tests to ensure seamless data handoffs between the MILNET mesh and the SDA’s Transport Layer.
Correction & Update Note
Editor’s Note: A previous version of this article conflated the specific mission profiles of the SDA Transport Layer and the new MILNET initiative.
- Procurement Clarification: MILNET is not a separate $1.8 billion contract but is procured via Task Orders attached to the existing NRO Starshield contract vehicle. This explains why an Intelligence Community agency (NRO) is managing a Space Force communications buy.
- Tactical Data Links: The article has been updated to reflect that MILNET primarily serves as a high-bandwidth backhaul layer (strategic data transport). It complements, rather than replaces, the SDA Transport Layer, which remains the primary carrier for direct-to-weapon “tactical” data links (like Link 16).
- OISL Context: References to Optical Inter-Satellite Links (OISL) have been contextualized to clarify that while they are a core feature, they are a standard capability of the Starshield platform rather than a unique development for this specific program.