ONERA, ThrustMe, and Airbus Defence & Space have initiated the IPISC project (Iodine Propulsion Interaction with Satellites and Components), supported by ESA and CNES.
This project aims to evaluate the potential of iodine as a new propellant for satellites weighing over 500 kg, focusing on the interaction between iodine propulsion systems and a range of satellite materials and components. Iodine-based propulsion offers an alternative to noble gases such as xenon.
The IPISC project aims to ensure that iodine can meet the demands of larger, more complex, and longer-duration missions, whether in LEO, MEO, GEO, or for interplanetary missions. The French team, led by ONERA, includes ThrustMe, a French SME that designs electric propulsion systems and pioneers the use of iodine in electric propulsion, and Airbus Defence and Space, a specialist in designing space platforms.
Airbus will assess iodine’s impact on various satellite surface materials. ONERA will contribute expertise in material resilience to the space environment, using advanced experimental and simulation capabilities to evaluate iodine’s effect on satellite surface materials. ThrustMe’s iodine propulsion expertise will be essential in achieving representative experimental conditions.
Using iodine for satellite propulsion is a strategic priority for Europe. Current propellants, such as xenon and krypton, are increasingly expensive and scarce. Worldwide, researchers are exploring iodine, as it is the only alternative capable of delivering comparable or even superior performance to noble gases in electric propulsion.
ThrustMe was the first to demonstrate the effectiveness of iodine-based propulsion in space. Several of its systems are currently operational on small satellites on-orbit, confirming the maturity of this innovative technology. The next frontier is larger satellites, like Airbus’s over 500 kg models, which have significantly higher propellant needs and mission lifespans exceeding ten years.
Iodine is chemically reactive, and its use on satellites could impact all surface materials (e.g., solar panels, thermal coatings, optics). This study aims to assess this impact and estimate its implications for platform design and propulsion integration for satellites across different orbits.
“After our first world demonstration of iodine propulsion in space and its rapid industrialization, established industry players are now exploring it and trying to make it work – this is great news for us. We are now moving forward, enabling this technology to be used on larger platforms, for missions in low orbit, geostationary orbit, and possibly even deep space. Our ONERA and Airbus partners will bring crucial expertise in materials science, physics, and space platform engineering, while our pioneering knowledge in iodine propulsion will be essential for achieving representative experimental conditions,” said Dr. Dmytro Rafalskyi, Co-Founder and CTO of ThrustMe.
Jean-Marc Charbonnier, Space Program Director at ONERA, said, “ONERA, as France’s aerospace science institution, brings its unique expertise to the IPISC project, aligning with strategic priorities in the French space sector by strengthening the competitiveness of satellite electric propulsion and French equipment providers like ThrustMe. This project will benefit from a new, unparalleled experimental resource, PICOMAX (Ion Spraying and Contamination of Space Materials). Funded by ONERA with a €1.2 million grant from the DGA, this facility will evaluate the impact of plasma propulsion (not only iodine-based) and molecular contamination on space materials.”